MySQL编译和安装
##在CentOS7中编译安装MySQL 5.7.21. 依赖和源码包 安装相关的依赖:
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| yum install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel cmake bison openssl-devel -y
yum install make cmake gcc gcc-c++ bison bison-devel ncurses ncurses-devel autoconf automake
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下载MySQL 5.7.32源码包和依赖boost, MySQL 5.7.32依赖boost 1.59.0:
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| curl -o boost_1_59_0.tar.gz https://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/boost/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
#curl -o mysql-5.7.32.tar.gz https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.32.tar.gz
如果拉取不到使用下方下载地址 ：
https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
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解压下载的包:
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| # 进入下载的路径
# 解压到/usr/local/目录
tar -xzvf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
# 解压到当前目录
tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.32.tar.gz
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创建用户和组
创建MySQL用户和组, 并且用户不能登陆:
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| groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql
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创建相关的目录
创建数据目录
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| mkdir -p /home/mysql/data
mkdir -p /home/mysql/logs
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql
mkdir -p /home/mysql/temp
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| chown -Rf mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
chown -Rf mysql:mysql /home/mysql
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预编译
使用各种参数, 预编译源代码. 进入解压的MySQL源码目录, 执行以下命令:
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| cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/mysql/data -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.sock -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_unicode_ci -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DENABLED_PROFILING=1 -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DWITH_DEBUG=0 -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost_1_59_0
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| DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql :安装路径
DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql :数据文件存放位置
DSYSCONFDIR=/etc :my.cnf路径
DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.sock :连接数据库socket路径
DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all :安装所有的字符集
DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 :默认字符
DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_unicode_ci :排序集
DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 :支持MyIASM引擎
DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 :支持InnoDB引擎
DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 :安装支持数据库分区
DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 :允许从本地导入数据
DENABLED_PROFILING=1 :
DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 :端口
DWITH_DEBUG=0 :
DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 :允许下载
DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost_1_59_0 :本地boost路径
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编译安装
预编译完成后, 执行下面的命令编译, 安装:
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| # 指定CPU数量编译
make -j `grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l` && make install
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添加开机自启
对目录修改权限, 添加service/systemd服务:
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| chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
# 开机自启
chkconfig --add mysql
chkconfig mysql on
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环境变量
将/usr/local/mysql/bin添加进入环境变量, 或者直接使用软链接的方式链到/usr/local/bin下:
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| # 添加到环境变量
echo "" >> /etc/bashrc
echo "export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/bashrc
echo "" >> /etc/bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
# 使用软链接
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
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初始化数据库
以上都完成后, 还不能启动MySQL, 如果非要启动, 会报错. 需要初始化数据库:
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| /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data
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| --user :指定用户
--basedir :mysql所在目录
--datadir :mysql数据库和表所在的目录,以及PID文件
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初始化后, 会有一行提示, 冒号后面的是初始密码root@localhost: password:
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| A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: xKefZvib13)5
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启动服务
以上都配置完成, 就可以启动服务了:
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| # 使用service
service mysql start
# 使用systemd
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start mysql
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修改密码
将初始密码修改成自己的密码, 直接在shell中输入命令: mysqladmin -uroot -p'old_pass' password 'new_pass'
配置文件
默认MySQL不需要配置文件, 编译时已经配置好了, 但是也可以使用配置文件, 指定log的位置, 编辑vim /etc/my.cnf, 将以下内容添加到文件中:
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| [client]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysqld]
character-set-client-handshake=FALSE
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
#character-set-server = utf8
#collation-server = utf8_general_ci
skip-external-locking
skip-name-resolve
user = mysql
port = 3306
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /home/mysql/data
tmpdir = /home/mysql/temp
# server_id = .....
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error = /home/mysql/logs/mysql_error.log
pid-file = /home/mysql/mysql.pid
open_files_limit = 10240
back_log = 600
max_connections=500
max_connect_errors = 6000
wait_timeout=605800
#open_tables = 600
#table_cache = 650
#opened_tables = 630
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 4M
join_buffer_size = 4M
thread_cache_size = 300
query_cache_type = 1
query_cache_size = 256M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 16k
tmp_table_size = 256M
max_heap_table_size = 256M
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
lower_case_table_names=1
default-storage-engine = INNODB
innodb_buffer_pool_size =2G
innodb_log_buffer_size = 32M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_flush_method =O_DIRECT
#####################
#thread_concurrency = 32 5.7不支持
long_query_time= 2
slow-query-log=on
slow-query-log-file =/home/mysql/logs/mysql-slow.log
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
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